微生物群落是由从竞争到共生的积极和消极互动所塑造的。在哺乳动物肠道及其微生物居民的背景下，群落的综合产出对宿主健康具有重要影响。交叉喂养，即不同微生物之间共享代谢物，在建立稳定、抵抗入侵和抵抗外部扰动的肠道共生群落方面发挥着重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们首先探讨了交叉喂养作为一种合作互动的生态和进化意义。然后我们调查跨营养级的交叉喂养机制，从初级发酵罐到 H 2清除营养网络最终代谢产物的消费者。我们将此分析扩展到还包括氨基酸、维生素和辅因子交叉喂养。在整个过程中，我们强调了这些相互作用对每个物种的适应性和宿主健康的影响的证据。了解交叉喂养阐明了建立和塑造我们肠道群落的微生物-微生物和宿主-微生物相互作用的一个重要方面。

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Microbial communities are shaped by positive and negative interactions ranging from competition to mutualism. In the context of the mammalian gut and its microbial inhabitants, the integrated output of the community has important impacts on host health. Cross-feeding, the sharing of metabolites between different microbes, has emergent roles in establishing communities of gut commensals that are stable, resistant to invasion, and resilient to external perturbation. In this review, we first explore the ecological and evolutionary implications of cross-feeding as a cooperative interaction. We then survey mechanisms of cross-feeding across trophic levels, from primary fermenters to H2 consumers that scavenge the final metabolic outputs of the trophic network. We extend this analysis to also include amino acid, vitamin, and cofactor cross-feeding. Throughout, we highlight evidence for the impact of these interactions on each species’ fitness as well as host health. Understanding cross-feeding illuminates an important aspect of microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions that establishes and shapes our gut communities.